Episode 10: Another Hongshan Jade Eagle—A Different Side of Hongshan Culture

In Episode 9, we explored a masterpiece of Hongshan culture—the falcon belt buckle of hunting people. That piece vividly captured the spirit of a swift, powerful falcon in motion. In this episode, we will examine another jade eagle, one that represents a different facet of Hongshan culture—its inland communities.

For a detailed visual reference, please check my YouTube Episode 22.

Applying the Four-Point Check Method

1. Material:

   • Yellow-greenish jade

   • Heavy staining along thin edges, turning dark brown

   • Slight translucency under light

2. Stains & Patina:

   • Fully covered in dark brown stains

   • Thick, rich patina indicative of age

3. Design:

   • Unlike the dynamic and fluid falcon from Episode 9, this eagle has a blocky, geometric form

   • A triangular-shaped face with prominent round eyes—suggesting an eagle or possibly an owl

   • A few incised lines separate the wings, belly, claws, and tail

   • This minimalist design emphasizes key features while keeping the jade mostly untouched, a characteristic of some Hongshan jade pieces

4. Craftsmanship:

   • A hole near the neck, drilled from both sides at an angle, meeting in the center—a typical Hongshan jade drilling technique

Two Distinct Hongshan Cultural Groups

Comparing these two jade eagles highlights an important point: Hongshan culture was not monolithic. Instead, it consisted of at least two distinct groups:

• The Hunting Group:

  • Likely had access to more refined Hetian jade from distant sources

  • Preferred sophisticated, dynamic designs reflecting movement and energy

  • Possibly connected to a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle

• The Inland Group (including the Niuheliang site):

  • Used local jade sources, which were often softer and had more impurities

  • Favored simpler, blocky designs with minimal carving, focusing on key symbolic elements

  • Possibly linked to early Shang culture, which also displayed a preference for geometric, solid forms in jade

As we continue to uncover the complexity of Hongshan culture, we must recognize its internal diversity.

Stay tuned! In the next episode, we will further explore the roots of ancient Chinese civilization.